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Location: Western Africa, bordering the Bight of Biafra,
between Equatorial Guinea and Nigeria
Geographic coordinates: 6 00 N, 12 00 E
Map references: Africa
Area:
total: 475,440 sq km
land: 469,440 sq km
water: 6,000 sq km
Area—comparative: slightly larger than California
Land boundaries:
total: 4,591 km
border countries: Central African Republic 797 km, Chad
1,094 km, Republic of the Congo 523 km, Equatorial Guinea 189 km,
Gabon 298 km, Nigeria 1,690 km
Coastline: 402 km
Maritime claims:
territorial sea: 50 nm
Climate: varies with terrain, from tropical along coast
to semiarid and hot in north
Terrain: diverse, with coastal plain in southwest, dissected
plateau in center, mountains in west, plains in north
Elevation extremes:
lowest point: Atlantic Ocean 0 m
highest point: Fako 4,095 m
Natural resources: petroleum, bauxite, iron ore, timber,
hydropower
Land use:
arable land: 13%
permanent crops: 2%
permanent pastures: 4%
forests and woodland: 78%
other: 3% (1993 est.)
Irrigated land: 210 sq km (1993 est.)
Natural hazards: recent volcanic activity with release
of poisonous gases
Environment—current issues: water-borne diseases
are prevalent; deforestation; overgrazing; desertification; poaching;
overfishing
Environment—international agreements:
party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification,
Endangered Species, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection, Tropical
Timber 83, Tropical Timber 94
signed, but not ratified: Nuclear Test Ban
Geography—note: sometimes referred to as the hinge
of Africa
Population: 15,456,092 (July 1999 est.)
Age structure:
0-14 years: 46% (male 3,562,553; female 3,528,778)
15-64 years: 51% (male 3,907,946; female 3,943,035)
65 years and over: 3% (male 231,521; female 282,259) (1999
est.)
Population growth rate: 2.79% (1999 est.)
Birth rate: 41.84 births/1,000 population (1999 est.)
Death rate: 13.95 deaths/1,000 population (1999 est.)
Net migration rate: NA migrant(s)/1,000 population; note—there
may be some migration but figures are not available
Sex ratio:
at birth: 1.03 male(s)/female
under 15 years: 1.01 male(s)/female
15-64 years: 0.99 male(s)/female
65 years and over: 0.82 male(s)/female
total population: 0.99 male(s)/female (1999 est.)
Infant mortality rate: 75.69 deaths/1,000 live births
(1999 est.)
Life expectancy at birth:
total population: 51.32 years
male: 49.75 years
female: 52.94 years (1999 est.)
Total fertility rate: 5.8 children born/woman (1999 est.)
Nationality:
noun: Cameroonian(s)
adjective: Cameroonian
Ethnic groups: Cameroon Highlanders 31%, Equatorial Bantu
19%, Kirdi 11%, Fulani 10%, Northwestern Bantu 8%, Eastern Nigritic
7%, other African 13%, non-African less than 1%
Religions: indigenous beliefs 51%, Christian 33%, Muslim
16%
Languages: 24 major African language groups, English (official),
French (official)
Literacy:
definition: age 15 and over can read and write
total population: 63.4%
male: 75%
female: 52.1% (1995 est.)
Country name:
conventional long form: Republic of Cameroon
conventional short form: Cameroon
former: French Cameroon
Data code: CM
Government type: unitary republic; multiparty presidential
regime (opposition parties legalized in 1990)
Capital: Yaounde
Administrative divisions: 10 provinces; Adamaoua, Centre,
Est, Extreme-Nord, Littoral, Nord, Nord-Ouest, Ouest, Sud, Sud-Ouest
Independence: 1 January 1960 (from UN trusteeship under
French administration)
National holiday: National Day, 20 May (1972)
Constitution: 20 May 1972
Legal system: based on French civil law system, with common
law influence; does not accept compulsory ICJ jurisdiction
Suffrage: 21 years of age; universal
Executive branch:
chief of state: President Paul BIYA (since 6 November 1982)
head of government: Prime Minister Peter Mafany MUSONGE
(since 19 September 1996)
cabinet: Cabinet appointed by the president
elections: president elected by popular vote for a seven-year
term; election last held 12 October 1997 (next to be held NA October
2004); prime minister appointed by the president
election results: President Paul BIYA reelected; percent
of vote—Paul BIYA 93%; note—supporters of the opposition
candidates boycotted the elections, making a comparison of vote
shares relatively meaningless
Legislative branch: unicameral National Assembly or Assemblee
Nationale (180 seats; members are elected by direct popular vote
to serve five-year terms; note—the president can either lengthen
or shorten the term of the legislature)
elections: last held 11 May 1997 (next to be held NA 2002)
election results: percent of vote by party—NA; seats
by party—CDPM 109, SDF 43, UNDP 13, UDC 5, UPC-K 1, MDR 1,
MLJC 1; note—7 contested seats will be filled in an election
at a time to be set by the Supreme Court
note: the constitution calls for an upper chamber for the
legislature, to be called Senate, which the government proposed
to establish in 1998
Judicial branch: Supreme Court, judges are appointed by
the president
Political parties and leaders: Cameroon People's Democratic
Movement or CPDM (government-controlled and the only party until
legalization of opposition parties in 1990) [Paul BIYA, president]
major opposition parties: Cameroonian Democratic Union or
UDC [Adamou NDAM NJOYA]; Movement for the Defense of the Republic
or MDR [Dakole DAISSALA]; Movement for the Youth of Cameroon or
MLJC [Marcel YANDO]; National Union for Democracy and Progress or
UNDP [Maigari BELLO BOUBA, chairman]; Social Democratic Front or
SDF [John FRU NDI]; Union of Cameroonian Populations or UPC [Augustin
Frederick KODOG]; Union of Cameroonian Democratic Forces or UFOC
[Victorin Hameni BIELEU]
Political pressure groups and leaders: Alliance for Change
or FAC; Cameroon Anglophone Movement or CAM [Vishe FAI, secretary
general]
International organization participation: ACCT, ACP, AfDB,
BDEAC, C, CCC, CEEAC, ECA, FAO, FZ, G-19, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO,
ICC, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Inmarsat,
Intelsat, Interpol, IOC, ITU, NAM, OAU, OIC, OPCW, PCA, UDEAC, UN,
UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNITAR, UPU, WCL, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO,
WTrO
Diplomatic representation in the US:
chief of mission: Ambassador Jerome MENDOUGA
chancery: 2349 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20008
telephone: [1] (202) 265-8790
FAX: [1] (202) 387-3826
Diplomatic representation from the US:
chief of mission: Ambassador John M. YATES
embassy: Rue Nachtigal, Yaounde
mailing address: B. P. 817, Yaounde; pouch: American Embassy,
Department of State, Washington, DC 20521-2520
telephone: [237] 23-45-52
FAX: [237] 23-07-53
Flag description: three equal vertical bands of green
(hoist side), red, and yellow with a yellow five-pointed star centered
in the red band; uses the popular pan-African colors of Ethiopia
Economy—overview: Because of its oil resources and
favorable agricultural conditions, Cameroon has one of the best-endowed
primary commodity economies in sub-Saharan Africa. Still, it faces
many of the serious problems facing other underdeveloped countries,
such as a top-heavy civil service and a generally unfavorable climate
for business enterprise. Since 1990, the government has embarked
on various IMF and World Bank programs designed to spur business
investment, increase efficiency in agriculture, improve trade, and
recapitalize the nation's banks. The government, however, has failed
to press forward vigorously with these programs. The latest enhanced
structural adjustment agreement was signed in October 1997; the
parties hope this will prove more successful, yet government mismanagement
and corruption remain problems. Inflation has been brought back
under control. Progress toward privatization of remaining state
industry may support economic growth in 1999-2000.
GDP: purchasing power parity—$29.6 billion (1998
est.)
GDP—real growth rate: 5% (1998 est.)
GDP—per capita: purchasing power parity—$2,000
(1998 est.)
GDP—composition by sector:
agriculture: 42%
industry: 22%
services: 36% (1997 est.)
Population below poverty line: 40% (1984 est.)
Household income or consumption by percentage share:
lowest 10%: NA%
highest 10%: NA%
Inflation rate (consumer prices): 2.5% (1998 est.)
Labor force: NA
Unemployment rate: 30% (1998 est.)
Budget:
revenues: $2.23 billion
expenditures: $2.23 billion, including capital expenditures
of $NA (FY96/97 est.)
Industries: petroleum production and refining, food processing,
light consumer goods, textiles, lumber
Industrial production growth rate: NA%
Electricity—production: 2.73 billion kWh (1996)
Electricity—production by source:
fossil fuel: 2.93%
hydro: 97.07%
nuclear: 0%
other: 0% (1996)
Electricity—consumption: 2.73 billion kWh (1996)
Electricity—exports: 0 kWh (1996)
Electricity—imports: 0 kWh (1996)
Agriculture—products: coffee, cocoa, cotton, rubber,
bananas, oilseed, grains, root starches; livestock; timber
Exports: $1.6 billion (f.o.b., 1998)
Exports—commodities: crude oil and petroleum products,
lumber, cocoa beans, aluminum, coffee, cotton
Exports—partners: Italy 25%, Spain 20%, France 16%,
Netherlands 7% (1997 est.)
Imports: $1.3 billion (f.o.b., 1998)
Imports—commodities: machines and electrical equipment,
transport equipment, fuel, food
Imports—partners: France 25%, Nigeria 8%, US 8%,
Germany 6% (1997 est.)
Debt—external: $8.7 billion (1998 est.)
Economic aid—recipient: $606.1 million (1995); note—France
signed two loan agreements totaling $55 million in September 1997,
and the Paris Club agreed in October 1997 to reduce the official
debt by 50% and to reschedule it on favorable terms with a consolidation
of payments due through 2000
Currency: 1 Communaute Financiere Africaine franc (CFAF)
= 100 centimes
Exchange rates: Communaute Financiere Africaine francs
(CFAF) per US$1—575 (January 1999), 589.95 (1998), 583.67 (1997),
511.55 (1996), 499.15 (1995), 555.20 (1994)
Fiscal year: 1 July—30 June
Telephones: 36,737 (1991 est.)
Telephone system: available only to business and government
domestic: cable, microwave radio relay, and tropospheric
scatter
international: satellite earth stations—2 Intelsat
(Atlantic Ocean)
Radio broadcast stations: AM 11, FM 8, shortwave 3 (1998)
Radios: 6 million (1998 est.)
Television broadcast stations: 1 (1998)
Televisions: 15,000 (1998)
Railways:
total: 1,104 km
narrow gauge: 1,104 km 1.000-m gauge (1995 est.)
Highways:
total: 34,300 km
paved: 4,288 km
unpaved: 30,012 km (1995 est.)
Waterways: 2,090 km; of decreasing importance
Ports and harbors: Bonaberi, Douala, Garoua, Kribi, Tiko
Airports: 52 (1998 est.)
Airports—with paved runways:
total: 11
over 3,047 m: 2
2,438 to 3,047 m: 4
1,524 to 2,437 m: 3
914 to 1,523 m: 1
under 914 m: 1 (1998 est.)
Airports—with unpaved runways:
total: 41
1,524 to 2,437 m: 8
914 to 1,523 m: 21
under 914 m: 12 (1998 est.)
Military branches: Army, Navy (includes Naval Infantry),
Air Force, National Gendarmerie, Presidential Guard
Military manpower—military age: 18 years of age
Military manpower—availability:
males age 15-49: 3,388,643 (1999 est.)
Military manpower—fit for military service:
males age 15-49: 1,716,285 (1999 est.)
Military manpower—reaching military age annually:
males: 165,670 (1999 est.)
Military expenditures—dollar figure: $155 million
(FY98/99)
Military expenditures—percent of GDP: 1.4% (FY98/99)
Disputes—international: delimitation of international
boundaries in the vicinity of Lake Chad, the lack of which led to
border incidents in the past, is completed and awaits ratification
by Cameroon, Chad, Niger, and Nigeria; dispute with Nigeria over
land and maritime boundaries around the Bakasi Peninsula and Lake
Chad is currently before the International Court of Justice
Source: 1999 CIA World Factbook
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